NGUYN C LM
...vic chn la h Jones ca M Nj em so snh vi h Nguyn ca ngܩi Vit ti Santa Clara v trn ton tiu-bang California coi b khng n, ngoi dng cho thy nhng ngܩi Vit tiu biu bi h Nguyn dܩng nh ang lm n kh gi hn nhng ngܩi M tiu biu bi h Jones. L do l trong bng thng k cng c c nhng ngܩi M mang h Smith, mt h rt ph thng ca M, khng thua g h Nguyn ca Vit-nam, v nhng ngܩi M mang h Smith ny ti Santa Clara mua 30 chc cn nh vi gi trung bnh 275.696 -la mt cn trong thng 5-95 va qua, sp hng nm, ng hng vi nhng ngܩi M mang h Garcia. cp tiu-bang, th s ngܩi M mang h Smith mua 540 cn nh vi gi trung bnh l 186.693 -la mi cn, sp hng nh sau nhng ngܩi M mang h Garcia v b xa nhng ngܩi Vit h Nguyn.
Mt vi ch du v s khi.
Trn trang nht trong phn "Real Estate" (a c) ca t San Jose Mercury News ra ngy 24-6-95 c mt bi bo vi ci ta tht hp dn "Keeping up with the NGUYENS" (tm dch: Theo kp bܧc chn nh h NGUYN), k gi Broderick Perkins c a ra hai bng thng k ca c quan "Data Quick Information Systems" sp hng nhng ngܩi mua nh ti ht Santa Clara v ti tiu bang California. Ti Ht Santa Clara, ni hin c khong 100,000 c dn ngܩi Vit sinh sng th s nhng ngܩi Vit mang h Nguyn mua tng cng 60 cn nh vi mc gi trung bnh l 228,604 la mt cn v dn u bng danh sch nhng ngܩi mua nh, tnh ti thng 5-95. K ljn l cc c dn gc chu khc nh Trung-hoa, i Hn mang h Lee, Trn, Chen, Kim, Chang, Phm, L v Wang. Ngܩi M mang h Garcia mua 30 cn vi gi trung bnh l 172,554 -la mt cn. Trong khi dn M chnh gc vi h Jones ch mua c 15 cn gi trung bnh l 299,344 -la mt cn v sp hng 16, sau c cc c dn gc M v chu.
Sp hng theo ton Tiu bang California th s ngܩi M mua nh mang h Garcia ng u bng vi tng s 570 cn, gi trung bnh 132,299 -la mt cn. Ngܩi M mang h Jones xp hng 15 vi tng s 288 cn, gi trung bnh mi cn l 176,060 -la, v ngܩi Vit mang h Nguyn tt xung hng 19 vi tng s 238 cn, vi gi trung bnh mi cn l 185,779 -la.
Nhn vo nhng d kin trn, ta thy rng ngܩi Vit ti Santa Clara c v "n nn lm ra" v c ǩi sng kinh-t tng i kh cao so vi cc sc dn khc, k c ngܩi M chnh gc. Nhng xt trn ton Tiu bang th coi b dn mnh cng khng c g "khi sc" lm. Da trn tr gi trung bnh nhng cn nh ngܩi Vit mua, chng ta c th suy ra rng dn mnh c v "rng rnh" hn cc bn M ca mnh, c l nh cng n vic lm em li mc li tc cao hn chng. Da vo gi nh, chng ta cng c th phng on ܮc khu vc tr ng ca ngܩi mua nh hay t ra l din tch hoc tui tc ca cn nh. Coi b ngܩi Vit c kh nng mua nh t ba phng tr ln, khng c my, v nhng khu khng t lm khi h mua nh vi gi trung bnh t 185,779 cho ti 228,604 -la mt cn.
Tuy nhin, khi nghin cu k cc chi tit trong hai bng thng k ca c quan DataQuick Information Systems, ngܩi vit nhn thy rng vic chn la h Jones ca M Nj em so snh vi h Nguyn ca ngܩi Vit ti Santa Clara v trn ton tiu-bang California coi b khng n, ngoi dng cho thy nhng ngܩi Vit tiu biu bi h Nguyn dܩng nh ang lm n kh gi hn nhng ngܩi M tiu biu bi h Jones. L do l trong bng thng k cng c c nhng ngܩi M mang h Smith, mt h rt ph thng ca M, khng thua g h Nguyn ca Vit-nam, v nhng ngܩi M mang h Smith ny ti Santa Clara mua 30 chc cn nh vi gi trung bnh 275.696 -la mt cn trong thng 5-95 va qua, sp hng nm, ng hng vi nhng ngܩi M mang h Garcia. cp tiu-bang, th s ngܩi M mang h Smith mua 540 cn nh vi gi trung bnh l 186.693 -la mi cn, sp hng nh sau nhng ngܩi M mang h Garcia v b xa nhng ngܩi Vit h Nguyn.
Nh vy, nu kt lun rng ngܩi Vit ti Santa Clara ang lm n kh gi th ng. Nhng nu to cm tܪng rng nhng ngܩi M b b xa th qu l ng nhn, nht l khi mang nhng ngܩi M h Jones ra so snh m khng dng nhng d kin lin h ljn nhng ngܩi M h Smith.
Ngoi ra, theo Bn Thm D Gia C Ton Quc nm 1995 ca c quan Fannie Mae (1995 Fannie Mae National Housing Survey), 74 % ngܩi M coi vic mua nh l u-tin hng u so vi 52 % ngܩi di dn gc u chu v 47 % ngܩi di dn gc chu (trong c ngܩi Vit) v 61 % ngܩi di dn ni chung. l nhng ch du s khi cho thy phn ng ngܩi di dn t mng "mua nh, tu xe" ti vng t ha ny. Ring vi ngܩi Vit, th nhng ch du ny cho thy mt bc tranh v ǩi sng kinh t ca dn Vit ti California vi nhiu sc thi tng phn. Ni khc i, ǩi sng kinh t ca ngܩi Vit thay ǰi ty vng v ty Tiu bang. C ni dn mnh lm n pht t, c ni ǩi sng cng kh khn, vt v. Chng ta th tm hiu tip xem lc lܮng nhn dng v li tc trung bnh ngܩi Vit ti Hoa-k ra sao? H sinh nhai bng ngh g? Con ܩng tng lai ra sao ? Liu c tin tc g c th gip ngܩi Vit chng ta chun b cho ǩi sng tng i thoi mi trong tng lai hay khng ?
Lc lܮng nhn dng v li tc trung bnh ca ngܩi Vit ti Hoa-k.
Hin nay, ngoi cc con s thng-k do C quan Kim K Dn S Lin Bang (US Census Bureau) a ra t nm 1990, cc ti liu mi nht ca B Lao Ƕng Hoa-k (US Department of Labor) cng khng c nhng chi tit lin quan ljn mi sc dn thiu s nh Vit-nam, thnh ra ngܩi vit xin tm dng nhng d kin thng k ca nm 1990 vy. iu quan trng cn nu ra l k t nm 1990 ljn nay, nm (5) nm tri qua v d nhin c nhiu thay ǰi m chng ta cha c kh nng theo di Nj c nhng d kin cp nht hn.
Theo kt qu ca Ǯt Kim K Dn S 1990, th c 729.142 ngܩi Vit la tui t 16 tr ln, c ngha l la tui c kh nng sn xut v i lm. Trong s ny, 60 % hay 439.030 i lm. S ph n Vit tui trn 16 v c th i lm l 349.876. Trong s , 51 % hay 178.185 ngܩi c vic. So vi 10 nm trܧc (1980) th lc lܮng nhn dng ca dn ta gia tng 286%, ngha l gn gp ba v s ph n Vit i lm cng gia tng 229 %. Xem vy th qu b v qu c "ra tay gnh vc gia nh" hi nhiu .
S ngܩi c th i lm nh vy chim khong 85% tng s dn Vit ti Hoa-k (854.725) v 51 % hay qu na i lm, d l bn thi (part-time) hay ton thi (full-time). Nhn y ngܩi vit xin m du ngoc l con s 854.725 ngܩi Vit ti Hoa-k do bn Kim K Dn S nm 1990 a ra b nhiu chuyn vin v dn s cho l qu thp. C Quan Kim K Dn S Hoa-k cng cng nhn l cc sc dn thiu s nh M v Vit c th b sai lch khong 10 % ti 17%. Do chng ta c th yn tm m kt lun rng c khong trn dܧi mt triu ngܩi Vit ti Hoa-k vo thi im 1990.
V phng din li tc th bn Kim K Dn S nm 1990 cng cho thy mc li tc trung bnh hng nm ca mi gia nh (ca hai v chng) nh sau. Trong tng s 230.347 gia nh ngܩi Vit ti Hoa-k, th:
So vi kt qu kim k dn s nm 1980 th li tc ca ngܩi Vit da trn n v gia nh c du hiu i xung. C l do nh hܪng ca tnh trng suy thoi kinh t ti Hoa-k trong 10 nm qua. S gia nh c li tc dܧi 5.000 -la tng t 6 % nm 1980 ln 9 % trn tng s dn Vit ti Hoa-k nm 1990.
Ngoi ra, s ngܩi Vit lm n kh gi v mua nh so vi t l ton dn s cng suy gim so vi 10 nm trܧc. Theo thng k nm 1980 th c 56% phn trm gia nh Vit nam mua nh. n nm 1990, t s ny st xung cn 30%.
Ngܩi Vit lm n sinh sng ra sao
Theo s d hi ring ca ngܩi vit th ngܩi Vit thch ng ܮc vi nhu cu cng n vic lm ti mi a phng h sinh sng. Nu ht Santa Clara v tiu bang California, ni ting vi thung lng in t v cc cng ty k ngh "hi-tech" (k thut cao), th ngܩi Vit chng ta li ua nhau tm vic lm "cng nhn rp ni" (assemblers), cn s in t (electronic technicians), chuyn vin k ngh ha (drafters), chuyn vin thit k cc mch in t (Electronic mask layout designers), k s in (electrical engineers) hay c khi li lm ch hng nh cng-ty Orchid chng hn. Tuy nhin i vi ngܩi Vit sinh sng ti Lousiana, mt vng no ti Texas hay vng Monterey (North California) th ngh lm n ph thng li l nh c, cu tm v lm trong cc va c. C nhiu ngܩi Vit bn ba ln tn min Alaska lnh gi Nj lm vic trn nhng tu nh c sut su thng ma h, dnh dm tin Nj sng mt nm, sau li quay v tiu bang gc ca mnh dܫng sc v hܪng ǩi trong vng su thng Nj ch tip tc mt chu k mi.
Ngh lm mng tay gi mt thi thnh hnh ti California, nht l Los Angeles. Trung bnh mt ngܩi th lm mng tay gi c th kim khong 4.000 -la tin mt mt thng, lng ngang hng mt k s in t c vi nm kinh nghim, m khng phi hc hnh vt v nh k s. By gi ngh lm mng tay gi Ca-li khng pht t nh trܧc nn mt s ng bo ta, lanh chn l tay, di-chuyn sang cc tiu bang khc, tuy t ngܩi Vit, nhng cng c t dng v, nh ti cc thnh ph du lch ca Kansas, Utah, Florida chng hn. V nhng ngܩi ny cng kim n kh khng km g ti Ca-li my nm v trܧc.
Ngoi ra, ta cng thy ngh bun bn "furniture" cng thnh hnh khng km. Nu chng ta c dp xung Los Angeles hay Orange County (Qun Cam) chi, chng ta s thy cc tim furniture mang bng hiu M, nhng do ngܩi Vit lm ch nhan nhn khp ni.
T hi M b cm vn, cc cng ty du-lch c mc ra nh nm, mc d cng ngy s cnh tranh cng gay gt, s v bn ra cng t i m tin hoa hng cho mi v bn ܮc cng gim st mt cch thm hi.
Trong lnh vc n ung, th Ph, vn l mn n "quc hn, quc ty" ca ngܩi Vit i su vo vn ha M. Vic p dng quan nim Franchise (mt loi cho thu mn bi m tim) cng bt u t vic bnh trܧng ph Ha. Ngܩi Vit du lch qua nhiu tiu bang khc nhau c th tm mt t ph nng bui sng ti nhng ni xa xi nh thnh ph Atlanta ca tiu bang Giorgia min ng Nam Hoa-k.
Nu c ai t m hn mun bit y chi tit hn nhng ngnh thng mi ngܩi Vit ang ua chen ti nhng vng c ng ngܩi Vit th ch cn m cun nin gim trang vng Vit ng ca vng th s thy kh r. Ngܩi Vit c ln lm cng vic t m Nj xem ti vng Bc Ca-li, cng vic lm n ca ngܩi Vit ra sao th thy c lit k qung co ca 185 ngnh thng mi ln nh khc nhau, t cho thu v qun o cܧi ti dch v php l, t cy cnh ljn du lch, t a c ljn phng mch bc s, th mc, th h, git thm, git i, lm vܩn, tang ch, tm hi, dn nh, chuyn ch. Thi th c. Hu nh t c ngnh no m ngܩi Vit chng ta khng chen chn vo ܮc.
em i chiu nhng ngnh ngh m ngܩi Vit i vo vi bng lit k "100 cng n vic lm tt nht trong thp nin 1990 v trong tng lai" (100 best jobs for the 1990s and beyond) ca Carol Kleinman do nh xut bn Dearborn Finacial Publisher n hnh nm 1992 th ngoi tr ngh lm Farm Manager, hu ht cc ngh khc nh ngn hng, y-t, ngh thut, thng tin, v.v.. thy s gp mt ca ngܩi Vit chng ta. V c th ni rng trong s "100 thnh ph tt nht ti Hoa-k" (100 Great American cities) do Arthur Kuman, Jr. v Richard D. Salmon lit k, xut bn nm 1991 th thnh ph no cng c du chn ca ngܩi Vit ti lm n sinh sng. T thnh ph Greenville , South Carolina ca min ng Hoa-k ln ti Philadelphia ca tiu bang Pennsylvania min Bc xung Orlando, Florida v xuyn lc a qua San Jose, California ca min Ty Hoa-k, mi ph theo bܧc chn ngܩi Vit lan ta khp nܧc M.
Tng lai ra sao ?
Vi phong tro bi di dn (anti-immigrants) trong c c ngܩi Vit t-nn v bi thiu s qua p lc i hy b cc chng trnh Affirmative Action ca ngܩi bn x, chng ta ng nhin s chu nh hܪng khng thun li trong vn NJ cng n vic lm v thng tin trong nhng ngy ti. Tuy nhin vi sc tranh u, chu ǿng v ti tho vt ca chng ta, ngܩi vit hy-vng rng chng ta s vܮt qua ܮc nhng th thch ca tng lai.